Routine Activities Theory (RAT) Analysis

Routine Activities Theory (RAT) Analysis Action space comprises of spots individuals partner with in their day by day lives. For example, your home, work, school, places for diversion and shopping territories are viewed as action space. My movement space is a tri-district zone which implies that it is an enormous region that comprises of littler towns rather than a gigantic metro territory. Since I drive to work my action space comprises of significant travel hubs and pathways as portrayed by Brantingham and Brantingham. These movement hubs and pathways would be interstate 80 (I-80) that runs West through my town and state highway 422 which runs South of I-80 and straightforwardly into the city of Youngstown. During my standard I will in general utilize both I-80 and 422 in light of the fact that they are faster courses which permit me to abstain from going through a lot of littler towns and is a straight shot to the city. Inside my movement space the most elevated potential for the advancement of a wrongdoing problem area would be toward the eastern part of highway 422 going into the city of Youngstown since it is a region between the city and suburbia that doesn't have a solid police nearness. This specific region is private and in closeness to the high-hazard territories (for example venture/open lodging advancement) and has a wide-scope of wrongdoing generators and attractors, for example, organizations, homes, bars, service stations, accommodation stores, and overwhelming person on foot traffic because of a close by bus stop. The area of movement courses related to natural factors, for example, ruined encompassing neighborhoods and the nearness to significant travel courses can be viewed as an open door for guilty parties to carry out violations inside this region. Brantingham and Brantingham (1999) express that wrongdoing generators are specific territories that pull in individuals as a result of the enormous number of individuals that go through them. this action space, as depicted by Brantingham and Brantingham is between the significant hubs of transportation and is near locale in the city that could be viewed as a chance, to a potential guilty party who has watched routine exercises led by people on foot, individuals from the area, and entrepreneurs in the territory. The standard exercises hypothesis draws from Amos Hawleys hypothesis of human nature. Hawleys hypothesis builds up three key parts of aggregate human exercises mood, beat and timing which are factors in a real existence course just as the criminal way of life. Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson (1979) developed the standards of human environment and presented routine exercises hypothesis as a natural point of view on criminal conduct. The normal movement hypothesis expresses that there are three segments all together for a wrongdoing to happen. The primary part is a spurred wrongdoer or person that isn't just willing yet trying to submit offenses. The subsequent segment would be the nearness of reasonable targets. Reasonable targets could be property or people that are viewed as accessible or defenseless. In conclusion, the nonappearance of a fit watchman which would be whatever could dissuade a likely wrongdoer (for example police watching, neighbor outside, alert framework). Cohen and Felson (1979) underscore that these three parts are helpful for a wrongdoing occasion and particularly predominant without able gatekeepers. A case of this would be a potential offender(s) endeavoring to burglarize a home yet adjusts their perspective in the wake of seeing a police crew vehicle drive by. This kind of guardianship applies to specific regions inside the city particularly those that are intensely watched by police or security (for example stopping decks and high-hazard zones). Moreover, the proficient gatekeeper, regardless of whether it be an individual (cop/witnesses/neighbors) or a gadget (home/store alert) will lessen the reasonableness of an objective, which thusly will diminish the probability of criminal occasions. In addition, Cohen and Felson (1979) infer that a fruitful wrongdoing occasion doesnt require a guilty party who is propelled to participate in violations, or follow up on their inspiration for the criminal occasion, rather a persuaded wrongd oer ought to be fit for doing their wants. As indicated by the normal exercises hypothesis, wrongdoing opportunity rises without an able gatekeeper just as certain natural components. For example, the wrongdoer additionally experiences a daily schedule of consecutive activites simply like the reputable resident does. The mix of what is viewed as a wrongdoing format (the guilty parties routine entwined with their forthcoming targets) and the choices made by the wrongdoer can decide wrongdoing designs. A wrongdoing is submitted when an activating occasion happens. This activating occasion is for the most part set up when a likely objective or casualty fits inside the guilty parties wrongdoing format (or schedule). Potential targets and casualties will as a rule experience the guilty party in some way inside their dynamic area, bringing about sharing the movement space or the mindfulness space of the wrongdoer. The potential targets and casualties wind up being real targets or casualties once the wrongdoers eagerness to violate the law is set off. This happens when the hubs and pathways between these hubs are lined up with the guilty parties possible focuses (at that spot and time). At the point when these exercises are rehashed every day they give a rubric or format to the criminal to follow. During a lawbreakers day by day action they settle on choices that infrequently change from their daily practice and therefore, violating the law would be the same as their typical action and mindfulness space. Ways of life or ones routine exercises make criminal open door by expanding the recurrence and force of contacts between expected wrongdoers and appropriate targets. At the point when a spurred guilty party is prepared and willing, they will take advantage of the chance to take part in crime on the off chance that it is advantageous to them. A potential guilty parties reasonable objective is an individual or item that is appealing or helpless, for example, a bit of important property or somebody who is affluent may fill in as a worthwhile appropriate objective (for example payment or coercion). At the end of the day, factors that make an objective powerless or alluring are wrongdoing explicit and situational and may direct an inspired offender(s) probability of crime (for example an unattended running vehicle a comfort store). I accept that the most probable problem area in my movement space and dependent on the course material, would be state highway 422 east going into the city. I express this since this zone is known for tranquilize action and approaches the roadway and is inside nearness to a wide-scope of organizations, places of worship, schools, and local locations. References Brantingham, P. L., Brantingham, P. J. (1995). Culpability of spot: Crime generators and wrongdoing attractors. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 3(3), 1-26. Brantingham, P., L., Brantingham, P. J. (1993). Hubs, ways and edges: Considerations on the unpredictability of wrongdoing and the physical condition. Diary of Environmental Psychology, 13, 3-28. Cohen, L. E., Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime percentage slants: A normal movement approach. American Sociological Review, 44, 588-608. Cullen, F. T., Wilcox, P. (2010). Reference book of criminological hypothesis. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications.

Managing personal images and video postings Essay

The utilization and sharing of pictures and recordings has multiplied on the web, particularly on long range interpersonal communication and video-sharing destinations. Pictures and recordings can be stacked from cameras and cell phones. Some cell phones empower clients to transfer pictures and recordings legitimately to person to person communication destinations. It is significant that youngsters and youngsters consider and pick cautiously what they share online with companions and the more extensive network on the Internet, particularly as photographs can be handily duplicated and changed. The accommodation of cell phones implies it is anything but difficult to transfer pictures and recordings ‘on the go’. Specific consideration ought to be taken to ‘think before you post’ to abstain from trading off security or wellbeing, for instance pictures from a gathering or of over the top or bargaining conduct. In the event that a kid is posting photographs containing their companions, for instance, they should look for their friends’ consent first. Photographs and recordings can contain data that all alone may appear to be harmless, yet when assembled with other data, for example, school subtleties can be utilized to find and distinguish the youngster. Many, if not all, of the well known interpersonal interaction destinations give protection devices to guarantee that clients can oversee whom they decide to interface with and who can post the remarks on their sites or individual locales. It is significant that kids and youngsters ponder including somebody they have possibly met online to their ‘friends list’ regardless of whether another companion has suggested them †individuals are not generally who they guarantee to be. Converse with your kid about the significance of holding the secret phrase to their record or space private to ensure against somebody assuming responsibility for it. Cell phones can be handily lost or taken. It is a smart thought to set up a PIN lock on your child’s portable, so it can't be utilized without their authorization or on the off chance that it is lost or taken. Your kid should just utilize auto login (where the site recollects your secret phrase for you when you come back to it) when marking into a person to person communication site if PIN assurance is being utilized on their portable. Else anybody finding their cell phone and getting to the site from it will have the option to access and misuse their interpersonal organization account, for instance by changing their profile, or sending messages to contacts in their name. Guarantee that your youngster knows about the protection setting choices of their record. It is significant that you haggle with your kid the suitable degree of security and that it coordinates their degree of passionate development and comprehension. Encourage your kid to be mindful so as not to share any data that may help find them in reality, for instance, a photo of a school uniform or road sign. Overseeing individual pictures and video postings The utilization and sharing of pictures and recordings has multiplied on the web, particularly on informal communication and video-sharing destinations. Pictures and recordings can be stacked from cameras and cell phones. Some cell phones empower clients to transfer pictures and recordings straightforwardly to long range informal communication locales. It is significant that youngsters and youngsters consider and pick cautiously what they share online with companions and the more extensive network on the Internet, particularly as photographs can be effortlessly replicated and changed. The accommodation of cell phones implies it is anything but difficult to transfer pictures and recordings ‘on the go’. Specific consideration ought to be taken to ‘think before you post’ to abstain from bargaining security or wellbeing, for instance pictures from a gathering or of over the top or trading off conduct. In the event that a youngster is posting photographs containing their companions, for instance, they should look for their friends’ authorization first. Photographs and recordings can contain data that all alone may appear to be harmless, yet when assembled with other data, for example, school subtleties can be utilized to find and distinguish the youngster. Photographs and recordings ought to be suitable †not explicitly provocative or unequivocal †so as not to pull in undesirable consideration from grown-ups who may wish to abuse kids and youngsters. Check the ‘acceptable use’ approaches of person to person communication and other client intuitive destinations. Most locales will expel unequivocal and ‘inappropriate’ pictures when they are drawn out into the open. Ask your kid whether they are alright with the substance they are posting being seen by everybody they know and whether it may humiliate them at a later stageAdvise your kid to be mindful so as not to share any data that may help find them in reality, for instance, a photo of a school uniform or road sign. Overseeing individual pictures and video postings The utilization and sharing of pictures and recordings has multiplied on the web, particularly on interpersonal interaction and video-sharing destinations. Pictures and recordings can be stacked from cameras and cell phones. Some cell phones empower clients to transfer pictures and recordings legitimately to long range interpersonal communication locales. It is significant that youngsters and youngsters consider and pick cautiously what they share online with companions and the more extensive network on the Internet, particularly as photographs can be effortlessly duplicated and changed. The accommodation of cell phones implies it is anything but difficult to transfer pictures and recordings ‘on the go’. Specific consideration ought to be taken to ‘think before you post’ to abstain from trading off security or wellbeing, for instance pictures from a gathering or of ludicrous or bargaining conduct. In the event that a kid is posting photographs containing their companions, for instance, they should look for their friends’ authorization first. Photographs and recordings can contain data that all alone may appear to be harmless, yet when assembled with other data, for example, school subtleties can be utilized to find and recognize the youngster. Photographs and recordings ought to be proper †not explicitly provocative or express †so as not to pull in undesirable consideration from grown-ups who may wish to abuse kids and youngsters. Check the ‘acceptable use’ approaches of informal communication and other client intelligent locales. Most locales will expel express and ‘inappropriate’ pictures when they are drawn out into the open. Ask your kid whether they are alright with the substance they are posting being seen by everybody they know and whether it may humiliate them at a later stageManaging remarks and postings Numerous youngsters make a huge effort in building their profiles and website pages, so accepting remarks from the more extensive network can be energizing, convincing and is normal. It is significant that kids and youngsters comprehend the should be mindful in what they post and add to different people’s person to person communication locales †‘think before you post’ is a decent proverb. There have been a few episodes of harassing †regularly among known companions or friends on long range interpersonal communication locales †where tormenting in the play area has proceeded and potentially heightened on the web. The possibility to mortify and annoy people through remarks and by posting pictures can be amazingly harmful and have various unintended outcomes, for example, spreading rapidly to an a lot bigger crowd on the web. It is essential to set principles with your kid about what is OK and not OK to post about anybody known or obscure.

The Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Global Economy - Essay Example As indicated by McTaggart total gracefully is characterized as the all out flexibly of products and ventures by a national economy in a specific figure of the time. Then again, total interest is the all out interest of national economy for a specific timeframe. Fundamental Economics proposes that the expansion in cost will legitimately influence flexibly and unfavorably influence request. Subsequently, in the AD and AS chart, AD follows a negative extension and AS shows a positive incline. Every financial action influence both AS and AD. This the truth is imperative to comprehend before assessing the impacts of every monetary condition in different angles. For the legislature, having low joblessness rate is an essential objective. Unquestionably, it is significant for all people to have quality business and for those not in the work power to have abundant chances to be utilized. As the joblessness diminishes, it is normal that most families have salary. This outcomes to greater levels of popularity and will in the long run increment AD. The expansion in AD for the most part improves the Gross Domestic Product since family utilization will likewise increment. Additionally, the salary of the administration is supported in light of the fact that charges in pay will increment in a similar way as the expenses forced on merchandise and enterprises. Interestingly, it has been noticed that the diminishing in the joblessness rate will affect expansion. Expansion is characterized as the expansion when all is said in done costs as estimated with the pattern of buying power. Ordinarily, swelling is brought about by the gracefully of cash and the interest intensity of purchasers.

Romeos Impulsiveness in Romeo and Juliet - Literature Essay Samples

In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, star-crossed lovers Romeo and Juliet are doomed from the start, and the audience is aware of this from the prologue. â€Å"From forth the fatal loins of these two foes a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life.† Romeo has an impulsive disposition that guides his actions throughout the play and eventually leads to him take his own life. Romeo shows impulsiveness in several instances in Romeo and Juliet, for example when he sees Juliet for the first time at the Capulet party. As soon as he sees Juliet, he pleads, â€Å"Did my heart love till now? Forswear it sight! / For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night.† (I.V. 50-51) Romeo says all of this almost immediately after swearing that Rosaline is the most beautiful girl he’d ever seen and that Rosaline was his one and only true love. If he wouldn’t have ever been drawn in my Juliet’s beauty, he would’ve never been through everything that happens in the play. Also, when Romeo jumps the Capulet’s fence, Juliet demands that Romeo leave before her parents find him. He says to her, â€Å"With love’s light wings did I o’perch these walls/ for stony limits cannot hold love out, / therefore thy kinsmen are no stop to me.† (II.ii.66-69). Romeo doesn’t care if Juliet’s guards hurt him. Even th ough he could have easily died right then and there if the Capulets would’ve caught him, he wanted to be with Juliet. Romeo also shows that he is impulsive when he begs Friar Laurence to marry him to Juliet. He cries out, â€Å"My heart’s clear love is set on the fair daughter of rich Capulet as mine on hers, so hers is set on mine and all combined, save what thou must combine by holy marriage.† (II.iii. 57-61) After only a very short time of knowing Juliet, he wants to marry her. Friar Laurence takes Romeo’s desperate begging as a farce and marries them. Soon after, Friar says to Romeo, â€Å"Wisely and slow, they stumble that run fast.† (II.iii. 94). This is a warning to Romeo that those who speed too fast will stumble and fall, comparing this to Romeo and Juliet’s relationship. Friar saying that those who run fast will stumble and fall foreshadows that Romeo may stumble and fall since Romeo and Juliet are taking their relationship very quickly. Finally, when Friar marries Romeo and Juliet, he says to them â€Å"These violent delights have violent ends and in their triumph die, like fire and powder†¦ the sweetest honey is loathsome in it’s own deliciousness.† (II.vi. 9-12). This quote shows major foreshadowing to not only Romeo but Juliet’s death as well. Friar is saying that a lot of things that seem great at first have rapid endings, similar to Romeo and Juliet’s very hurried relationship. Lastly, when Romeo he goes to the town apothecary, he begs, â€Å"The world affords no law to make thee rich. Then be not poor, but break it, and take this.† (V.i. 75-76) offering the apothecary money. Without giving it any thought, as soon as he hears of Juliet’s death, Romeo goes to an apothecary for a poison to kill himself. He doesn’t give any thought to his own life or future, proving that he truly doesn’t want to live at all without Juliet but perhaps more significantly, that his impulsiveness eventually overcomes him.

Matilda of Tuscany The Great Countess

Google Analytics A Key Requirement For Any Small Business

An Analytics software is a key requirement for any small business which is dependent on an online presence to maximize its reach. The analytics software helps one understand the best ways to reach ones customers and draw more traffic and hence business. Google Analytics helps with the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data from a website and the competition to drive continual improvement of the online experience that customers and potential customers have, which translates into desired outcome. Google analytics is also one of the easiest ways to enable a small business to attract more visitors, retain or attract new customers for goods or services, or to increase the dollar volume each customer spends. A metric is a quantitative measurement of statistics describing events or trends on a website. Below are the some of the key factors that Google Analytics will tell the small business about their respective site. Browsers and Operating Systems: Google Analytics will let the small business owner know if the customers visiting their site are Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome or Safari users. The report on the website will show a breakdown of which browsers are used and the frequency in which they are used. This is a very trivial, however useful feature as sometimes web features are incompatible with certain browsers, browser versions and operating systems. So based on the number of users on a particular browser the business owner can invest more time andShow MoreRelatedMicrosoft Sql Server 2016 Is Now Live1304 Words   |  6 Pagesknow about SQL Server 2016, as well as what it means for SQL Server 2016 licensing requirements. 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Waste Management Case Analysis free essay sample

1 . Based on the fraud triangle, there are several factors present at Waste Management that are indicative of each of the three fraud conditions. Incentives: from the case, the SEC staff claimed that the top Waste Management officers fraudulent conduct was driven by greed and a desire to retain their corporate positions and status in the business and social communities. Their bonuses, retirement benefits and stock options closely correlate with the performance of the company. If the company meets predetermined earnings targets, those top managements will earn a lot from profit sharing. Furthermore, aside from money, those people can maintain their high social status by constantly using those ill-gotten gains to contribute to charitable affairs, which will give them a lot of respect and power. Opportunities: during the 1990s, approximately 14 employees who play either key financial or accounting positions are former employees of the companys long-time auditor, Arthur Andersen. This management structure gave Waste Management a great opportunity to manipulate their financial performance because we can infer that Waste Management maintained a good relationship with its auditor. Attitudes/Rationalization: it was a time when Waste Management was encountering intense competition. The competition came from various sources in all phase of its waste management and related operations. Although the management of Waste Management noted that the pricing, quality, and reliability of services and the type of equipment utilized are key elements to compete in the industry. Those improvements usually take time to accomplish. In contrast, deferring several expenses and manipulating earnings are shortcuts to improve their financial performance. In addition, the management believes that the future performance will ffset the extra earnings they currently adjusted so that nobody will even notice. In other word, the company adopted the wrong way to improve its performance and justify their action by fraudulently believed that meeting the target earning is the most important no matter which approach to use. 2. Based appendix on the AU Section 342, examples of accounting estimates, compared to Waste Managements Consolidated Balance Sheet, we can find several items were based on management estimations. Assets Cost+estimated earnings in excess of billings: this amount depends on the outcome of future event thus is uncertain. Accumulated depreciation of property equipment: the salvage value of property affect depreciation expense. Furthermore, different depreciation methods adopted also result in different amount. Liabilities Current portion of LTD: this amount comes from the amount due within the current year of the present value of long-term debt. To calculate the long-term debt, the discount rate is assumed based on the relative risk of the company compared to correspondent US treasury securities. However, the interest rate in the future is uncertain thus the present value of long-term debt is arbitrary. Unearned revenue: the company cannot sure that their future service will be actually rendered thus is uncertain. Long-term debt and put options: the present values of financial instruments are always based on future discount rate as mentioned above thus is subjective and uncertain. 3. Accounts involving significant management estimation mean that the balances of these accounts are based on subjective as well as objective factors such as managements knowledge or experience about past and current events and its assumptions about conditions it expects to exist and course of action it expects to ake. If management does not maintain high ethical standard or is simply too careless to make the right estimation, the numbers shown on the financial statement cannot reflect the true value of the company and will mislead current and potential investors. Since investors are not sure whether management has sufficient knowledge and experience to make the right estimations and the criterions of these estimations are somewhat ambiguous, those accounts are comparatively more risky. 4. Based on the AU Section 342. 04, the auditor is responsible for evaluation the easonableness of accounting estimates made by management in the context of the financial statements taken as a whole. The auditors should consider, with an attitude of professional skepticism, both the subjective and objective factors of the estimates. Also, based on article . 07, the auditors responsibilities when evaluating accounting estimates is to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence to provide reasonable assurance that a. All accounting estimates that could be material to the financial statements have been developed. b. Those accounting estimates are reasonable in the circumstances. c. The accounting estimates are presented in conformity with applicable accounting principles and are properly disclosed. techniques commonly used by auditors are shown as follows: a. Review and test the process used by management to develop the estimate. b. Develop and independent expectation of the estimate to corroborate the reasonableness of managements estimate. c. Review subsequent events or transactions occurring prior to the date of the auditors report. 5. To evaluate the reasonableness of estimate of salvage values and useful lives for property and equipment, Arthur Anderson should follow the procedures mentioned n the previous questions as follows. a. Review and test managements process by using the procedures in article . 1 steps (a) through (i) to determine if the supporting data and factors are sufficient and consistent to sustain the managements estimation as well as comparable to industry level. b. Use other alternatives to develop the estimation and compare the result to the original estimation. c. Review subsequent events or transactions to confirm the credibility of the previous estimation. 6. For those officers who previously served Arthur Ander son, they may implicitly or xplicitly force the auditor to accept their adjustment of Waste Managements financial report. Since they worked for Anderson, they know every detail of auditing procedures performed by the auditor and thus may use their relationship to influence the Judgments of auditors. Furthermore, if there is an conflict of interest between those officers and the company, they may chose the ways which are beneficial to themselves. To avoid this kind of fraud, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Section 206 clearly identified what a company should do when potential conflict of interest may occur. Based on the article, it shall be unlawful for registered public accounting firm to perform for an issuer any audit service required by this title, if a chief executive officer, controller, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, or any person serving in an equivalent position for the issuer, was employed by that registered independent public accounting firm and participated in any capacity in the audit of that issuer during the I-year period preceding the date of the initiation of the audit. Therefore, the article tells us that Waste Management can still employ hose personnel coming from Arthur Anderson but should not allow them to involve in the auditing process within one year restriction. for Anderson and during that time there is no such law like Sarbanes-Oxley Act to prevent those people from participating in auditing process, it was very difficult for Anderson to clear-cut the relationship with those former workers and work independently. Furthermore, Anderson not only did audit but also provide consulting service for Waste Management. In other words, on one hand, Anderson audit Waste Managements financial and negotiate for the correction of errors. On the other hand, Andersons consulting service may provide several recommendations about how to manipulate their financial performance to externally improve its profitability. This is also one of the most important issues of the introduction of Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which force the consulting service under an accounting firm to be separated as a single business entity. In addition, the extra bonuses are also important reasons for Anderson to accept and help to hide those errors. This situation is slightly relieved because the new regulation puts into practice. However, any accounting firms should avoid auditing for companies which may have conflict of interest and do their work independently. Also, managements of accounting firms should periodically examine their audit works done by their auditors and constantly tell their employees to do their Jobs with integrity and professional ethics. Most important of all, managements should discipline themselves to follow the audit standards and no reconcile with any improper requests from their clients. Only when the top management do their work with integrity will the other workers follow.

Marketing Plan for Pharmasim Essay Example

Marketing Plan for Pharmasim Essay A) Executive Summary The management team at the over-the-counter cold medicine (OCM) group of Allstar Brands is looking to utilize revenue generated by Allround to help fund new opportunities in emerging markets. Therefore, it is critical that Allround maintain its market-leading position in terms of market share, profitability, and sales in order to fund these new initiatives. While Allround is a leader in brand awareness and brand most frequently purchased, there are direct competitors to Allround. These competitors offer various products from general cold medicine offerings to single-use medicines. It is likely that these companies will continue to develop new offerings in that arena to have greater coverage across different segments. To defend against these moves, the Allround brand must expand its line, and introduce new products to the market. This will provide an additional area for growth and revenue, allow the company to use the strong brand recognition to help launch the new products, and ensure that the product lineup is meeting current consumer trends and demands. Our sales force works with the channel’s large retailers/chain stores (direct sales) or with wholesalers/retailers (indirect sales) to ensure prominent product placement. Our sales force also works to maintain relationships with the key decision makers at each of these channels. If these relationships are damaged, there is a direct impact to sales and therefore profitability. Our outlined marketing plan will work to strengthen these relationships and allow for a dialog with the channels that will be invaluable for our organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan for Pharmasim specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan for Pharmasim specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan for Pharmasim specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is evident that Allstar Brands needs a detailed marketing plan in order to positively progress in the future. Outlined below are the key areas in a marketing plan as well as suggestions for achieving our marketing objectives. B) Situation and Environment Analysis SWOT Analysis Strengths Allround has the highest brand awareness of any other competitor. Allround has the highest market share based on sales revenue for OTC medicine. Allstar is the market leader in the cold remedy market. Weaknesses Allround has a low customer retention rate compared to some other competitor brands. Allstar’s current product offering only focuses on the cold category, which is a small portion of the total available market. Allstar has a small sales force to promote its product. Only 14% of total marketing expenses allocated to sales force. Product placement in stores is not optimum. Allround contains alcohol, which is a side effect that consumers dislike. Allstar has only one product on the market. Consumer preference is leading to capsule form, and most competitors already supplying in capsule form. Opportunities Allstar has the ability to tap into another segment of the market by offering a brand extension, such as the cough or allergy segments. -Allstar has the ability to add brand extensions that fit customer needs. -Allstar can remove the alcohol from its product line. Threats -Consumers perceive alcoholic content in OTC medication negatively. -Other OTC competitors are receiving higher doctor recommendations than Allround. -Allround has a lower customer retention rate compared to other competitor brands. Allstar is only focusing on the cold category, which makes up a small portion of the available market. -Product placement in stores not optimal compared to competition. -Introduction of new products by competitors can erode Allstar’s market share. Competitors CompanyAllstarBBEthikDriscolCompetitor Summary Brand NameAllroundBesthelpExtraDryup Market SegmentColdAllergy/ColdCough/Cold/NasalAllergy/Nasal/ColdDiversified in other market segments Product4-hr multi symptom cold liquid4-hr cold capsule12-hr cold capsule4 hr multi-symptom cold capsuleAll cold medicine in capsule form Price$5. 9$4. 89$4. 49$5. 09Lower MSRP unit price for competitors Market share40. 4%25. 2%19. 5%14. 9%59. 6% Share Cold Sales Revenue$355M$222M$172M$131M$525M Total Sales$355M$286M$395M$255M$936M/$1491(63%) % of Business Related to Cold Sales100%78%44%51% Cold Sales $’s Period 0$355M$222M$172M$130M$879M Total Allstar’s major competitors are BB, Ethik, and Driscol. All competitors of Allstar’s are diversified into other categories of the OTC market and not dependent upon just the cold segment. This is one area where Allstar can potentially improve its sales and diversify its product lines. Although Allstar has the highest brand awareness, it also has the highest price amongst competitors. The fact that Allround has a strong reputation in the market place due to the product effectiveness allows Allround to maintain a higher price than its competition. All other competitors supply its OTC in capsule form, which is the preferred method of consumption by consumers. Allstar must be aware of the various formulations of the competitors, be selective in considering new products to market, and pay attention to newly offered products and the markets the competitors are targeting. The Allstar team needs to reassess the strategy and approach each period based upon competitor information while maintaining the long-term strategic objectives. Economics Allstar must monitor the economic conditions when deciding the appropriate budget allocations to advertising, sales force, promotion, and discounts. Inflation is a major influential factor that can affect total pricing and the costs of goods sold, which will affect the company’s bottom line. In order to sustain proper pricing, Allstar’s marketing team must monitor inflation and deflation in the market place to determine the optimum pricing strategy. Allstar must adjust its pricing to reflect inflation rates in the market as this will have a negative impact to net income, as costs will continue to rise. Social/Cultural Allstar must focus on the needs of its customers and monitor any changes in the behaviors of its consumers. One factor to consider is the amount of medication in Allround and the perceptions of physicians and consumers. Obtaining recommendations from the medical community is crucial to the success of the product, as some consumers value the advice from physicians. Some doctors may not recommend Allround because of the alcohol content or that the multi-symptom formulation contains too much medicine. Our team must decide the best formulations of OTC medications that meet the needs of the consumers while at the same time satisfy the medical community in terms of medicinal content and brand effectiveness. Allstar must also consider motivational factors to get consumers to continue to buy our products and the appropriate sales force and incentives to motivate the sales force to promote our brand. Some consumers are motivated to purchase based upon coupons. Motivational factors vary for the various sales channels: large grocery stores, mass merchandisers, and chain drugstores are incentivized by turnover and allowances, and independent drugstores by the number of sales people on the account. Allstar must ensure the appropriate allocation and combination of promotion and sales force to ensure our product gets the optimum attention and exposure. Political/Legal The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the amount of medication that can be contained in a single dose and the frequency in which a consumer should consume the dosage. In selecting new products, the Allstar marketing team must select products that will avert potential risks for the company. Selecting a product that has not received FDA approval could delay time to market and miss a potential sales window. Introducing a product to the market that has higher than average the recommended ingredients could be a potential risk should the FDA impose stricter regulations on the amount of ingredients. The team will pay close attention to the formulations offered before introducing these to the market place, scrutinize the ingredient type and amount of medication in each, and assess the risk associated to the potential regulation of the product. Natural Environment Climate change is an ongoing concern and can affect the weather patterns and temperature fluctuations, which can affect the health of the population as a whole. Changes in climate could potentially increase or decrease the demand for OTC products. The team must monitor symptoms of consumers and offer products that meet the needs of the consumers. Currently, the most reported symptoms are aches, chest congestion, and coughing. The reported symptoms could potentially change over time and Allstar needs to take into consideration potential changes that could occur based upon changing environmental factors. Technological Allstar is C) Marketing Objectives Allstar’s long-term marketing objectives are: 1)Increase market share 10%+ 2)Increase net income annually by 20+ (annual growth) 3)Increase customer satisfaction to at least 60% 4)Increase consumer brand awareness to at least 85% The team will also evaluate results at the end of each period via the performance summary report and adjust the short-term strategy via the various input elements: marketing strategy, marketing mix, pricing, promotion, sales force allocation, target markets and channels. Overall, we will adhere to our long-term plan to achieve our long-term objectives. D) Target Market Prior to determining the best way to market our product, we needed to identify our target market of consumers. In doing so, we sought to identify and profile distinct groups of buyers who might prefer our product over our competitions’ product. Based on this, we aligned our advertising and promotion accordingly. When analyzing the market research, we noticed that young families, mature families, empty nesters, and retired individuals accounted for over eighty-five percent of the cold, cough, and allergy market. Additionally, as Allround treats several different symptoms, it can be appealing to a large market with varying symptoms. Because of this, we used this demographic variable to identify our market. For psychographic considerations, the interests and opinions of the target market were considered. For example, we did not initially target young families. The original formulation of Allround included alcohol as an ingredient. Due to this ingredient, we did not market to young families for fear of an unintentional backlash from this demographic. We were aware that young parents would not approve a pharmaceutical company marketing a cold medicine with alcohol as an ingredient to buyers with young children. When we were able to reformulate our product, we removed the alcohol from Allround’s composition, and added young families to our target market. Another factor we noticed when analyzing the market research was an interest in the effectiveness of the product. We observed that members of our target market (young families, mature families, empty nesters and retirees) were primarily concerned with the effectiveness of a medicine, and had a smaller amount of concern for the price of the product. In other words, we deducted that members of this market group had the socio-economic background that would allow them to purchase a higher priced cold medicine if it was proven to be effective. By including both young and mature families in our target market, we believed we would see an increase in usage. By nature, colds and coughs are contagious. Families living in close quarters are likely to share colds, and therefore increase the need for cold medicine. This was another significant variable we analyzed when identifying our target market. Also, minimal side effects is an appealing attribute of our medication. Both young and mature families have many working parts, and we believe we can effectively target this group by touting our reduced side effects that allow families to go about on their daily routines. Geographic considerations involved reviewing the shopping habits of the target group. We sought to analyze where customers are going to purchase our product. According to the research, our target market shops predominately at grocery stores for cold and cough medicine. Because of this, we will geographically target our market at grocery stores. E) Positioning For value positioning, we are considering several factors to best position our product. We are pleased with the effectiveness of our product in regards to symptom relief. We believe that this will increase value in our product, and result in more satisfied customers. This will also lead to repeat purchases from happy customers, and will increase the likelihood for customers to purchase other Allround products. This will allow us to introduce new Allround products to the market. For positioning in regards to pricing, we are seeking to find the delicate balance between price and customer-perceived value. As Allround has a large portion of market share, we can factor in high volume of sales in our pricing plan. Higher volume sales can lead to a reduced unit cost and overall, more significant profits in the long term. Because our customers view our product as effective in regards to cold symptoms, we can increase the price a bit to reinforce the notion that Allround may be a little more expensive but overall, it is worth the slightly higher price. Factors also used to determine the price positioning of Allround will also include our competitions pricing, customer satisfaction, and overall brand awareness. As line extensions are introduced, we will elect to use either a market penetration or skimming strategy, depending on the product and target market. The strategy used in the future will be determined after an in-depth analysis of the market and evaluation of the new produce. For Allrounds advertising in regards to positioning, we will continue to increase the advertising budget. This will allow Allround to remain on the high-end value side of the market while simultaneously keeping pace with our competitors. Allround is in the mature stage, so the advertising message will focus on reminder messages. The reminder message will be used to stimulate repeat purchases and serve as a reminder that Allround is the superior cold medicine. For Allrounds promotion in regards to positioning, we will devote a portion of our budget only when needed. Times when our promotional budget will increase will likely be if there is a decrease in Allrounds market share, or to combat a competitors new product. When Allround introduces a line extension, we will not devote the majority of our advertising budget to promote it. Rather, we will aim for a low to medium advertising expense, and carefully direct our message. Line extension advertising will be informative in an effort to create awareness of the product. It will also be used to highlight the relationship the product has with Allround. Because Allround is a leader in the market with heightened brand awareness and consumer confidence, the relationship with Allround can be used to our advantage. When Allround introduces a brand new product, we will use a medium to high advertising expense. The new product will be in the introduction stage in its product life cycle, so advertising will need to be used more. The advertising message for new products will be informative, seek to help customers form a preference for the new product, and reassure customers that the new product is as good as Allround Though advertising strategies vary for Allround, line extensions and new products, we will use the same channel decision strategy for all products. This strategy will be used regardless of the products life cycle stage. We will maintain a channel sales force according to demand for the products. When a channel segment is experiencing growth, we will increase the amount of sales force present at these locations. For Allround, these high-volume sales channels are grocery stores and chain drug stores thus far. Because of this, we have allocated more salesmen at these channels. Our strategy is to continue to monitor the level of sales at the different channels, and increase sales force at channels where sales are growing and/or have the potential for large amounts of growth. F) Product Currently, the Allround brand has the highest brand awareness and conversion ratio amongst its competitors. Consumers view the brand positively and it has the highest market share in OTC cold medicine. The main emphasis on the product is the brand’s effectiveness over the various categories and limited side effects. The medical community is recommending products that do not produce side effects. For this reason, the team has made the decision to market products that do not contain alcohol. Product Positioning Allstar’s value proposition to consumers is to offer products that will meet all their cold medication needs, providing high-quality products with multi-symptom relief without adverse side effects. We feel that with the reputation of the Allround brand, consumers are willing to pay for a high-quality product that meets his or her needs. We will emphasize the following four key areas: 1. High Quality Product/Competitive Price: Offer products that are high quality and at a competitive price to maximize net income up to the point that consumers will tolerate. . Product Benefits: Offer products that will meet the needs of the consumer from a multi-symptom perspective that will make them satisfied with our products and motivate them to repurchase. 3. Product Differentiation: Multi-symptom solution compared to competitors, such as, Besthelp 4. Side Effects: Offer products that minimize negative side effects, such as removing alcohol content to gain more physician recommendations. G) Price The pricing strategy will rely upon the following key factors: 1)Inflation/Deflation 2)Consumer purchase decision criteria )Balancing the tradeoff between price and symptom relief 4)Analysis of competitor pricing / competitor product offering / historical pricing We will monitor the tradeoff graph in the PharmaSim module each period to ensure that we are pricing the product close to the optimal line (price vs. symptom relief). Thus far, we have learned that we need to continue increasing our prices to keep up with inflation and make some manual modifications to the price depending on the previous period’s price increase while monitoring what is happening in the future period regarding the economic factors. Consumers’ purchase decision criteria will be the one of the main decision factors in determining how we price our product each period. We determined that the key element in the consumer purchasing decision is product effectiveness for Allround, which we can measure by customer satisfaction. We need to ensure that our product has the highest level of customer satisfaction each period. By linking customer satisfaction with performance-based pricing, we believe we will be successful. Since products offered are at different stages of the product life cycle, we will position the pricing appropriately for each product. As Allround is in the mature stage, we will take advantage of the consumer loyalty and try to maintain an optimum price to reap benefits from this product line to help with the financing of other product introductions. We will price new products competitively using penetration pricing based upon where the competitors are in the market and once consumer loyalty and market presence are established, we will increase the pricing to an optimal level as to maximize net income, while continuing to increase our market share. H) Promotion For Allround, we plan to use a combination of push and pull strategies. For the most part, we will use a pull strategy for Allround as the product is in the mature lifecycle and we need to continue to advertise and contribute funds to the consumer promotion budget using trial sizes, coupons, points of purchase, and co-op advertising. Our push strategies will include our sales force to help promote the brand and detailers to help obtain recommendations from the medical community. We will use trade allowances as a way of enticing the sales channels to buy at the higher volume by decreasing the lowest volume discount and increasing the highest volume discount. When introducing new products, we will use the same trade allowances as Allround and decrease the discounts once the new products establish a market presence over future periods. We believe that this strategy will help us achieve higher unit sales, as we will entice the channels to buy at the larger volumes as they will benefit from a larger discount. As the new products mature, we will gradually decrease the volume discount to maximize our net income. In period 4, we decided to allocate 70% of all funds to Allround and 30% to Allround+. As the majority of the sales are still with Allround and the product is still Allstar’s moneymaker, we did not want to allocate too many funds into the new brand Allround+. As we introduce other products, we will establish a long-term strategy of allocating funds as follows to our product line: Allround40% Allround+30% Allright30% Advertising For Allround, we will use various advertising messages depending where we are in the product cycle. We initially will focus on benefits and reminder advertising, as well as continue to use comparative advertising against Besthelp. On new products, our strategy will focus on heavy primary and benefit, with some comparative advertising. As the product ages, we will place emphasis from primary to benefits and reminder advertising. For Allround, the advertising message is â€Å"Relieves Aches, Clear Nasal Congestion, Reduces Chest Congestion, Suppresses Cough, Minimizes Side Effects, and Won’t Cause Drowsiness. † We added â€Å"Won’t Cause Drowsiness† when we removed the alcohol from Allround and got rid of â€Å"Dries Up Runny Nose† as we already have a message of â€Å"Clear Nasal Congestion,† which could be confusing to consumers. I) Place (distribution) The period zero sales report shows that direct distribution channels are almost twice as much as indirect distribution channels (direct distribution channels account for 63. 4% of sales, while indirect distribution channels account for 36. 7% of sales). Because of this, we will prioritize direct channels for our distribution. The direct channel sales are motivated by volume discount and promotional allowances; these two factors impact overall shelf space for Allround. Volume discount and promotional allowance are factors for indirect channels as well, so we will use this information in our marketing mix with regards to promotion. We will adjust these volume discounts and promotional allowances after each period to correspond with channel growth rates and sales. J) Evaluation and Control We will employ various methods to evaluate our performance after each period. We determined that an in-depth analysis after each period is essential to maintain our product as a leader in the market. The company dashboard and performance summary will serve as primary tools in this analysis. This is where we will gather information regarding our marketing strategy, mix, promotions, sales force and price; we will use this information to compare how effective we were in achieving the marketing goals aforementioned. Another method we will use to evaluate our performance is by analyzing the percentage of changes in each of our decision points. For example, we will calculate the percentage of growth in our sales force, our product price and our advertising budget. We will then cross-reference these calculations with our overall performance in the period. An increase in price of 3. 5% may cause a negative trend in our market share; because of this, we will look to adjust our price to better capture market share. By performing similar calculations and comparative analysis, we hope to identify any positive or negative trends and adjust accordingly. While changes will occur, our overall marketing approach will not change drastically. We will adjust as our line is extended and new products are launched due to differences in the marketing life cycle of each product, but the core of our marketing strategy will remain relatively unchanged.

Montague-Capulet Feud in Romeo and Juliet

Montague-Capulet Feud in Romeo and Juliet In Shakespeare’s tragedy Romeo and Juliet, two noble families are at war with each other, a state of affairs which ultimately dooms the young lovers. Romeo is of House Montague and Juliet is a Capulet. We never learn the origin of the feud between the two families, but it pervades the play from the very first scene when servants from each house get into a fight. All of the major events in Romeo and Juliet are driven by the Montague-Capulet dispute. But after the tragic death of their children at the end of the play, both families agree to bury their grievances and acknowledge their losses. Via their tragic deaths, Romeo and Juliet resolve the long-standing conflict between their respective families, but unfortunately, do not live to enjoy the peace. But who’s who in the Montague-Capulet feud? The following list divides the play’s characters by family: House of Montague The House of Montague includes these key players: Montague.  Father to Romeo and married to Lady Montague, he’s concerned about his son at the start of the play and asks Benvolio to help him figure out what’s bothering Romeo.Lady Montague.  Romeo’s mother is less of a presence in the play than Juliet’s mother, but in the few scenes we see her, she appears to love her son deeply. When Romeo is banished, she dies of grief.Romeo. The son, and heir of the Montague house, Romeo is 16 years old and falls in and out of â€Å"love† easily, until meeting Juliet. He kills Tybalt after Tybalt kills Romeo’s friend Mercutio.Benvolio. He is  Montague’s nephew and Romeo’s cousin. Benvolio tries to be a good influence on Romeo, persuading him to forget about the erstwhile Rosaline. He mainly acts as a peacemaker and friend to Romeo.Balthasar.  Romeo’s serving man unintentionally tells Romeo of Juliet’s â€Å"death† (In fact, she’s taken poison to appear dead ). House of Capulet Lord Capulet. Juliet’s father is the family patriarch and tries to control his daughter by arranging a marriage to Paris. When she refuses, he calls her terrible names and threatens to throw her out: Hang thee, young baggage! disobedient wretch!I tell thee what: get thee to church o Thursday,Or never after look me in the faceAnd you be mine, Ill give you to my friend;And you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets! Lady Capulet. Juliet’s mother, while more understanding of her daughter is almost as angered by Juliet’s refusal to marry Paris as Lord Capulet is. She dismisses Juliet outright: Talk not to me, for Ill not speak a word; do as thou wilt, for I am done with thee.Juliet Capulet. At age 13, Juliet is about to be married to Paris and is deeply unhappy about it. But everything changes when she meets Romeo, despite his being from the rival Montague family. The two fall in love and are secretly married, but end up killing themselves when each believes the other to be dead.Juliet’s Nurse. She is more of a mother figure to Juliet than Lady Capulet and knows the young woman better than anyone else in her family. The Nurse’s sense of humor lends some much-needed levity to the play. She’s the only one who helps Juliet in her quest to be with Romeo, even though she doesn’t fully understand the intensity of Juliet’s feelings.Tybalt. Lady Capuletâ₠¬â„¢s nephew and Juliet’s cousin is the main antagonist of Romeo and Juliet, owing to his deep hatred of the Montagues. Short-tempered and vindictive, Tybalt is quick to draw his sword in anger. His killing is a pivotal moment in the play.

Is black cohosh a safe and effective substitute for hormone Article

Is black cohosh a safe and effective substitute for hormone replacement therapy - Article Example She tries to evaluate if black cohosh is an effective and safe substitute for hormone replacement therapy. According to the facts presented in the editorial, it is rather palpable that approximately 85% of women in the world experience night sweats and hot flashes, which are closely associated with menopause. These symptoms are triggered by the hormones in the body of the individual. Research asserts that black cohosh is a herb that is used to deal with vasomotor symptoms as a substitute for the hormone replacement therapy. The herb is widely used in the United States and Europe (Becker, Letham & Stoehr, 2009). However, black cohosh has numerous side effects to the women. As stated above, there are several inconsistencies that have been associated with the use of black cohosh. Some of these discrepancies are related to the dosing and side effects of the drug. Some of the complications that are able to result from the use of black cohosh include hepatitis, muscle damage and liver failure among other conditions. Several experts have critically evaluated the efficacy of the black cohosh for the vasomotor symptoms (Becker, Letham & Stoehr, 2009). In the clinical trials, there were several adverse effects of the drug to the

The Optimum Cultivation and Establishment Methods for Growing Oilseed Literature review

The Optimum Cultivation and Establishment Methods for Growing Oilseed Rape In a Various Soil Conditions within the UK - Literature review Example This research will begin with the statement that as sustainability and the greening of the ecosystem become very important to global agencies and nations, the focus of most countries have turned to the role that plants can plan in achieving this goal. But as important as plants help in the greening of the solar system, they have also become very important sources of food for both plants and animals, including humankind. Plants have actually accounted for major parts of the export made by most countries in the form of raw edible food, processed wood, refined products, and drugs. In the United Kingdom (UK), the role that various plants play in the socio-economic wellbeing of the country cannot be underestimated. It is not surprising that studies have continued to go on about the best ways by which various plants and crops can be well researched into to find the best practices, conditions, and establishments under which they are best cultivated for optimum output. As part of secondary d ata collection for the research work, the review of related literature is taken seriously to know what has already been done in this field and the gaps that exist in the literature. This way, the best ways by which this research can fill the gaps can be rightly identified. The review will, therefore, focus on the background of the crop, the relevance of it to the UK and the best practices in its cultivation. The oilseed rape crop is known by many names including rape, Brassica napus, and sometimes just called rape. The origin of the seed in the UK is raced to the 14th century when the bright yellow flowering was first brought to the European region. The oilseed rape crop belongs to the family Brassicaceae, commonly known as the mustard or cabbage family. The crop belongs to the order Brassicales and genus Brassica. Since arriving in the U.K., the plant has been known as a very important crop, which has been cultivated over the years since the 14th century. In one study, FAOSTAT argu ed that the oilseed rape is one of the longest most adored plants to have been cultivated in the U.K. This emphasis is given to the plant because of the continuous attention it has received over the years for the need to maximize the production of the crop.

Blood Alcohol Content Essay Example for Free

Blood Alcohol Content Essay The thought of alcohol being involved in fatal crashes brings about an emotional response. Recently, there has been a movement based on emotion rather than logic to change a certain drinking and driving law. This involves lowering the Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) from 0. 10% to 0. 08% nationwide. However, this attention is misdirected. By looking at my personal experiences, statistics, and current laws, it is clear that there is no need for lowering the BAC. First off, I do not drink. Yet, I’ve had many experiences relating to drinking and driving through my friends. One thing I’ve noticed is that it is extremely hard for people to tell if they are legally drunk or not. Furthermore, I have never heard any of my friends say that they feel that they should drive home because they have only a . 09% BAC. The law has very little effect on how many drinks a person decides to consume. Therefore, lowering the legal drunk limit will not result in people acting more responsible. Supporters of lowering the BAC like Judith Lee Stone in her essay â€Å"YES! † think they are targeting the problem of drunken driving, but the real problem lies within the higher BACs. Ninety three percent of fatal accidents are 0. 10% BAC and above, and half of those ninety three percent have a BAC of 0. 20% and above. The average BAC for fatal accidents is at actually at 0. 17%. This seems like a more logical target for new laws then 0. 08%. Furthermore, Stone asks â€Å"Who would want their children in a car driven by someone who has consumed three, four, or even more beers in an hour† (Stone 46)? I couldn’t agree more. However, this common argument from the pro-0. 08% side is more like a parent responsibility question. They use this to manipulate our emotion by putting an innocent child in an improbable and unrelated situation. She also goes on to state, â€Å"A study at Boston University found that 500 to 600 fewer highway deaths would occur annually if all states adopted 0. 08%† (Stone 47). On the other hand, a similar study at University of North Carolina shows no significant change after their adoption of 0. 08%. Which study is correct? Most likely, both have some truthfulness. It could be either way depending on the state. The lowering of the Blood Alcohol Content percentage law is unnecessary and useless. Nevertheless, some states have already moved to the 0. 08%, and we hear the argument: â€Å"It makes no sense for a driver to be legally drunk in one state but not in another† (Stone 46). To that, I ask a couple questions of my own. Why can I carry a concealed gun in one state and not another? Why is it that I can drive a certain speed in one state, but a different speed in another? The response to those questions and Stone’s statement is all of the above are state laws. At this point, the federal government seems to get confused. In October 2000, congress passed a law that uses the states’ money against them. It asserts that if a state doesn’t lower its BAC percentage to 0. 08% by 2003, it will lose two percent of its highway money. States that don’t like the law will be forced to vote for it because they are desperate for highway construction money. Strings shouldn’t be attached to this money. What are lost in all of this are the current laws for drunk driving. Driving while impaired is already illegal whether the person tests 0. 04% or 0. 10%. Courts can use alcohol test of 0. 04% and higher as evidence of impairment. It’s at 0. 10% where a person is legally drunk and cannot legally operate a vehicle. Therefore, it’s not as if people who test 0. 08% are going unpunished like the other side would have you believe. In conclusion, anybody who picks out one particular aspect and says that it is not working hasn’t looked that the whole problem. The president for the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Brian O’ Neill, says that he’d rather see resources directed toward enforcing existing drunken driving laws. Hopefully, with more education, more awareness, and more enforcement we can successfully reduce drinking and driving fatalities. Bibliography Stone, Judith Lee. Yes!. Reading and Writing Short Arguments. Ed. William Vesterman. Mountain View, California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 2000. 46-47. Word Count: 702.

University Exclusivity Essay -- Education Argumentative Persuasive Ess

University Exclusivity This country that we live in, the United States of America, has a reputation as being the "land of opportunity." Foreigners and native-born citizens regard this land as the pot of gold at the rainbow's end for those individuals who wish to make a life for themselves through hard work and perseverance. Yet for many minorities and economically disadvantaged people, the dream is unfulfilled because the educational opportunities that they need are unavailable. The universities are as unreachable as top- shelf merchandise in a warehouse without ladders or lifts. They are no less unwelcoming than heavy steel doors slamming shut in the face of a visitor. The selections from The Presence of Others: Voices that Call for Response collectively give the reader a snapshot of which individuals are being excluded, and why. The role and responsibility of the university must be established, and areas in need of change should be explored. Historically, racism has prevented many from ever having the opportunity to move a tassel across their forehead. To rectify this situation, minority based schools were established. Affirmative action policies made their way into colleges all over the country and quickly became policy in many states. However, Shelby Steele pointed out that these policies may actually hinder more than they help. He believed that policies giving preference to anyone based on race alone actually increase the racial tension between minority and non-minority groups (75). He also wrote that such policies are only part of the problem. The fear of racial hatred may prevent prospective students from even attempting to attend college. He cites instances of blatant racial harassment even on campuses in which "b... ...ryone must be assigned an equal designation of worth. No one person is more deserving of an education than another. To deny the opportunity to anyone based on such criteria as class, race, gender or ability is to tip the scales and make some people less deserving than others. Universities cannot have license to do this. To all who would listen, let them learn. Works Cited Lunsford, Andrea A. and Ruszkiewicz, John. The Presence of Others: Voices that Call for Response. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. Brooks, Gwendolyn. "We Real Cool." Lunsford 147. Hooks, Bell. "Keeping Close to Home: Class and Education." Lunsford 85-96. Rich, Adrienne. "What Does a Woman Need to Know?" Lunsford 44-51. Rose, Mike. "Lives on the Boundary." Lunsford 97-111. Steele, Shelby. "The Recoloring of Campus Life." Lunsford 63-84.

Ob : All the Wrong Moves

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR-I CASE ANALYSIS All the Wrong Moves Submitted to: Dr. Saleena Khan Asst. Professor, OB & HRM Area IMT, Nagpur Submitted By: GROUP-1, SECTION-A Aakanksha Garg 2012001 Abhinav Aggarwal 2012007 Abhishek Gupta 2012013 Abinash Dash 2012015 Aditya Mohan 2012022 Akash Agrawal 2012029 Anant Kr Ajmera 2012040 Ankita Pandey 2012051 Introduction: This case is about a company ‘Nutrorim’ which was founded in 1986 by an organic farmer and his wife.Nutrorim manufactures various lines of vitamins and nutritional supplements. The case is about the flaws in decision making process of the company. Don Rifkin is the main character of the case who tries to correct the decisions made by the company at the time of crisis or otherwise. The employees of the company give mixed and different reviews over the same discussions. Don the CEO of the company tried to find out the feedbacks with the help of consultants. While going through the case we tried to find out the main re asons for poor decision making of the company and tried to find the solutions for the same.Background: Nutrorim which was founded in 1986 by an organic farmer and his wife had been at the top of its field. Nutrorim’ s products had gained national attention and the company’s organic, performance-enhancing supplement powder Charge Up had gone through the roof due to an endorsement by a famous Olympic athlete. This lead the Nutrorim to hire hundreds of new employees, expand its production facilities and acquire two vitamin firms. Nutrorim went public in the year 1997 and by 2002 Changeup was the best-selling performance-enhancing sports powder on the market.Don Rifkin who joined Nutrorim as CEO in 1989 had tried hard to foster a happy, participatory, democratic culture at Nutrorim. Steve Ford was the head of the R&D section of Nutrorim. But during the past one year, Nutrorim had suffered from a spate of bad decisions. A consultant was hired to review the company’s decision making processes that had individual interviews with senior managers. Objectives: * Understanding the importance of objective analysis and oversight at strategic level decision making in an organisation Necessity to have a firm and clear hierarchy within an organisation for effective decision making in face of crisis. * Understand need for a Leader to identify the expertise that his subordinates have and assigning them responsibilities accordingly for running an organisation effectively. * Understanding the ineffectiveness arising out of decision making process in an organisation if it is too democratic at strategic level. Analysis: The said company was presented with an accusation that their product was making people sick.The company's options were to keep the potentially dangerous product on the shelves, which could turn into a law suit, or to accept the costs and do a recall. In meeting of the top managers there were huge disagreements on who should have the most power i n the decision-making process and there was little organized discussion and not all the voices were being heard. There was a lack of centralized leadership that was able to weigh all the voices and make a more discerning decision. The committee members were not unified on what should actually be done.Employees in positions of power did not ask the right questions to make well-informed decision. The decision to recall Charge Up was made under a lot of uncertainty and was the facts were not analyzed thoroughly before taking decision. The company knew the consequences of recalling or leaving the product on the shelves. This decision was a non-programmed decision that should be made by top managers. The situation was brought to a local radio station and the company began to panic that the information would go public ruining the company's reputation.There are too many people giving their inputs and many took the accusations personally which limited objective, productive discussions on wh at was the best action for the company to take. The company needs to name a person or a small group of people that are able to take charge in times of crisis in order to manage discussions better and make the ultimate decision. The leadership should be able to question or conduct research of cases surrounding their dilemma. The Leadership here wasn’t effective in identifying the expertise of its members which at times created conflicts within the team.Solutions: * Nutrorim lacked a definite plan for taking actions when decisions are to be taken especially when a time was a constraint. * Don was correct when he wished to have a little democratic approach to taking decisions but relying completely on consensus resulted in beating around the bush too often and wasting a lot of time. Taking multiple perspectives of looking at a problem and finding its solution can be done systematically by the process of one by one feedback but the final decision must rest on the C. E.O and the c oncerning department head as a decision taken by a majority vote may not be correct as the domain expertise of employees participating in the meeting shall be vivid (It depends on the area where the problem is arising). * In this case when Nutrorim was accused of causing gastric problems to its customers; a timely action was imperative as the name of the brand was at stake. Calling multiple meetings was a waste of time and actions should have been taken by Don as a leader himself after listening to every ones views. He should have instructed PR Director to immediately revert to the calls she got from the media person (radio station) to let the public know that since such an investigation is taking place the company gives maximum priority to its customer’s health and it shall even consider a recall till the time the investigations were completed by the health department. This action would make the public aware that the company was not trying to hide something under the carpet and it was cooperating with the health department. A decision has to be taken with all the facts and perspectives in mind and not just taken because it’s to every ones taste. Ones the rationale is clear behind the plan of action for addressing the problem at hand, the chair shall immediately ensure its timely execution. * Corporate culture was not sound. Steve’s behaviour towards Nora was inappropriate and his behaviour should have been condemned and sorted out by Don. It’s very essential for employees to work cordially for healthy functioning of an organisation. Presence of a Knowledge department in the company keeps a record of effective course of actions taken by other companies at the time of similar crisis in the past helps to take timely measures effectively. Learning from others helps in decision making. Theoretical Relations: * Bounded rationality: He could perceive that recalling the product is the only plan of action. He didn’t explore other opt ions. * Rational decision making: He measured the options, took feedbacks from the other employees, and did a thorough study before taking a decision. Pro-active personality: He takes initiatives, has decision making abilities. * Employee engagement: He engages all the employees of the company in decision making process. * Workforce diversity: There is diverse workforce in the company. Managerial learning: * A manger should understand skills of each team member and assign them responsibilities according to their areas of expertise. * Controlling power: A manager should have firm control over the decision making process in the organization and should also be an effective team leader. Coordination: A manager should be able to establish coordination among the employees. There should not be conflicts among the employees if any then manager should intervene and resolve the same. * Balance between democratic and dictatorial approach: A manager should not be too democratic as well as dicta torial in decision making. REFERENCES United States Edition , entitled Organizational Behavior, 14th Edition, ISBN: 9780136124016 by Robbins, Stephen P. , Judge, Timothy A. , published by Pearson Education Inc. , publishing as Prentice Hall 2011

Ones Education Impacted by a Very Important Incident Free Essay Example, 1500 words

John Howard s parents had always tried to help charitable organizations and young orphans to live a better life in whatever way they can; his mother had raised him in a way that he knew about the terrible things that could happen to people physically and emotionally and make them mentally different in terms of living their lives, as compared to others. John was thus in the habit of doing little things like donating his old clothes and always taking food for orphans on festive occasions. These habits had been inculcated within him so deep that somehow, looking at that young child in that cafe that day, struck a chord inside him. His gut feeling was urging him to join the social service unit in order to interact with differently abled children and understand how they lived lives. Looking at that young boy helped John realize that the life that he had been given was something extremely precious even on the most mundane of his days, John was more privileged than so many other children out there who did not even have decent means of education and play time. We will write a custom essay sample on One's Education Impacted by a Very Important Incident or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page